The Virigina legislature amended the Government Data Collection and Dissemination Practices Act through HB 1161 to provide that state agencies and political subdivisions may disseminate personal information only in specific circumstances (e.g., to comply with state/federal law, a subpoena, or court order, or with the data subject’s consent), restricting broader disclosure of Virginians’ personal information, including to federal immigration authorities, and creating civil penalties for violations.